Long-term Fiscal and Economic Projections for Canada and the Provinces and Territories, 2014-2038

Abstract

This report presents long-term fiscal and economic projections for Canada, the provinces and the territories for the 2014-2038 period, and discusses their implications for budgetary balance at the provincial/territorial level. The projections are based on assumptions concerning growth in the working age population, the evolution of participation rates and average hours worked, labour productivity growth, and the inflation rate. Since the assumptions underlying the projections are subject to uncertainty, we present a series of alternative scenarios for long-term economic growth in Canada and the provinces and territories. The report also looks at whether provincial/territorial governments will be able to finance public spending under these alternative fiscal and economic scenarios. Under the realistic assumptions that non-health spending is flat in real per capita terms and health spending grows at its average pace from the past 15 years, then, by and large, the provinces and territories will not be able to meet the test of balancing revenue growth with growth in public spending without either raising taxes or cutting program spending. Given the higher probability of this scenario and the relative distaste for higher taxes and spending cuts, Canadian governments must find ways to boost economic growth and hence revenue growth to maintain fiscal balance to 2038 and beyond.

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