Are Productivity Levels Higher in Some European Countries than in the United States?

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Abstract

This article examines whether measured hourly labour productivity levels in several European countries genuinely exceed U.S. levels, or whether this reflects a statistical artefact. The author argues that OECD data showing France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway ahead of the United States on output per hour is misleading because low employment rates and shorter working hours in Europe reflect the exclusion of low-productivity workers and groups from the labour force. When a ‘structural’ measure of labour productivity is constructed that adjusts for these compositional effects, European productivity levels fall below U.S. levels, suggesting the United States remains the technical efficiency frontier.

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