Raising Canadian Living Standards: A Framework for Analysis

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Abstract

This article develops a framework for analyzing Canadian living standards and the policies needed to raise them, motivated by the goal of having Canada exceed U.S. living standards within 15 years. It reviews definitions and trends in living standards in Canada, the United States, and OECD countries, and decomposes the drivers of living standards growth into productivity, working time, demographic structure, labour force participation, and unemployment. The article concludes that productivity growth — with Canadian aggregate labour productivity some 18 per cent below the U.S. level — is the only sustainable avenue for closing the living standards gap.

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