Productivity and Policy Reform in Australia

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Abstract

This article examines Australia’s strong productivity performance in the 1990s and attributes it to a shift in government policy toward a more competitive, open, flexible, innovative, and resilient economy. Australia’s GDP per hour worked rose from 74 per cent of the U.S. level in 1990 to 83 per cent by 2001, catching up with Canada over the same period. The article traces how regulatory reform, trade liberalization, labour market flexibility, and infrastructure privatization drove a marked acceleration in multifactor productivity growth, particularly in the first half of the 1990s, and discusses the sustainability and generalizability of the Australian experience.

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