What Does Total Factor Productivity Measure?

Download full PDF article

Abstract

This article critically examines what total factor productivity (TFP) does and does not measure, arguing that TFP cannot simultaneously capture all technological change and just the free gifts from externalities and scale effects. The authors use the concept of general purpose technologies (GPTs) and the role of natural resources to show that major technological changes need not register in TFP measures, and that low TFP numbers do not indicate low technological dynamism. They conclude that the degree of confusion surrounding TFP justifies dropping it from discussions of long-term economic growth, or at minimum attaching a caveat that changes in TFP do not measure technological change.

Download full PDF