The Challenge of Total Factor Productivity Measurement

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Abstract

This article reviews the formidable measurement challenges involved in constructing accurate industry-level total factor productivity (TFP) estimates. Reliable TFP requires price and quantity data on gross outputs, intermediate inputs, labour, and eight additional input classes: reproducible capital, inventories, land, natural resources, working capital and financial instruments, knowledge capital, and infrastructure capital. The article argues that most current TFP studies use only a subset of these inputs and are therefore of limited use. It contrasts the relative tractability of national-level TFP measurement with the serious difficulties at the industry level, and calls for expanded statistical agency resources.

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