Price Cap Regulation and Productivity Growth

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Abstract

This article explains how total factor productivity growth is used to set the X factor (offset) in price cap regulation for industries such as telecommunications. The basic guideline is that the X factor should reflect the extent to which a regulated industry achieves faster productivity growth and faces lower input price inflation than the broader economy. The article discusses three key properties of a proper productivity target — industry-wide, long-term, and invariant to manipulation — and shows how the X factor must be adjusted when a regulated firm produces both capped and uncapped services, with a numerical example drawn from Canadian telecommunications regulation.

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