Accounting for the Decline of Canada’s Real GDP Per Capita since Mid-2022

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Abstract

Real GDP per capita has been falling in Canada since mid-2022, while the number of non-permanent residents has been rising sharply. This article discusses how these two developments are linked. The paper identifies six factors currently influencing real GDP per capita: (1) labour productivity; (2) average hours worked per job; (3) the employment rate of the working-age population; (4) the ratio of the working-age population to the permanent resident population (where working-age includes NPRs in that age class); (5) the share of permanent residents in the total population; and (6) the relative rate of growth of the government and non-profit sectors compared to that of the business sector. The relative importance of each of these factors is assessed via a multiplicative decomposition and the analysis indicates the share of permanent residents in the total population is currently the single most important factor.

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