Fiscal Policy Can Raise Both Employment and Productivity

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Abstract

This article challenges the conventional Okun trade-off between equity and efficiency, demonstrating in a standard economic model that employment subsidies can simultaneously reduce structural unemployment and raise productivity growth — a ‘win-win’ outcome. The key insight is that involuntary unemployment represents a second-best situation where addressing a market failure can be both equity-enhancing and efficiency-enhancing. The article discusses the Working Income Tax Benefit announced in the November 2005 Economic and Fiscal Update as a policy consistent with this analysis.

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