Explaining Productivity Growth: The Role of Demographics

Download full PDF article

Abstract

This article argues that differences in labour force growth rates across countries have played a significant and underappreciated role in shaping cross-country productivity growth patterns since the mid-1970s. Using international data, the authors find that countries with rapid labour force growth experienced particularly slow productivity growth over 1978-1995, followed by a turnaround after 1995, while countries with slow labour force growth experienced prolonged productivity stagnation extending into the post-1995 era. The authors situate this finding in the context of a major technological transition, in which economies with faster labour force growth faced greater learning costs in adopting new technologies and thus adjusted more slowly.

Download full PDF