Frontier Firms, Technology Diffusion and the Productivity Slowdown in Portugal

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Abstract

Using Portuguese firm-level administrative data (2008-2016), this article documents the dynamics of frontier and laggard firms in Portugal’s private non-financial sector. Frontier firms continued to improve productivity post-crisis, while laggard firms stagnated or declined, widening the productivity gap. Industries with stronger import competition from developing countries experienced greater reallocation toward more productive firms. The article finds that weak technology diffusion from frontier to laggard firms — rather than insufficient innovation at the frontier — explains much of Portugal’s post-crisis aggregate productivity underperformance.

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