---
canonical_url: "https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-43/appendix-market-imperfections-and-biases-in-tfp-measurement/"
title: "Appendix: Market Imperfections and Biases in TFP Measurement"
author:
  name: "CSLS"
  url: "https://csls.ca/author/cslc/"
date_published: "2026-07-13T08:14:52+00:00"
date_modified: "2026-07-13T08:14:52+00:00"
post_type: "ipm"
summary: ""
ipm_issue_period:
  - "Fall 2022"
ipm_keyword:
  - "bias"
  - "India"
  - "markups"
  - "Solow residual"
  - "TFP measurement"
  - "trade liberalization"
  - "unionization"
ipm_research_theme:
  - "Policy and institutions"
ipm_country_focus:
  - "India"
featured_image: "https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/IPM_50_banner.webp"
status: "publish"
---

# Appendix: Market Imperfections and Biases in TFP Measurement

Canonical URL: https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-43/appendix-market-imperfections-and-biases-in-tfp-measurement/

# Appendix: Market Imperfections and Biases in TFP Measurement

[Download full PDF article](https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IPM-Issue-43-7b-Goldar-Appendix.pdf)

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Cite this article as:

Goldar, Bishwanath. 2022. “Appendix: Market Imperfections and Biases in TFP Measurement.” International Productivity Monitor, No. 43 (Fall 2022): 1–9. https://www.csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-43/appendix-market-imperfections-and-biases-in-tfp-measurement/

## Author:

-
Bishwanath Goldar
Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi

## IPM Issue 43

Fall 2022 pp. 1–9

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## Abstract

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Appendix to IPM-43-7 reviewing how markups and labour unionization create biases in TFP measurement (Solow residual vs. true technical change), and the implications for interpreting India’s pre- and post-reform TFP growth comparison, drawing on Dobbelaere (2005), Harrison (1994), and related literature.

[Download full PDF](https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IPM-Issue-43-7b-Goldar-Appendix.pdf)