--- canonical_url: "https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-36/japans-prefectural-level-klems-productivity-comparison-and-service-price-differences/" title: "Japan’s Prefectural-level KLEMS: Productivity Comparison and Service Price Differences" author: name: "CSLS" url: "https://csls.ca/author/cslc/" date_published: "2026-07-13T07:52:50+00:00" date_modified: "2026-07-13T07:52:50+00:00" post_type: "ipm" summary: "" ipm_issue_period: - "Spring 2019" ipm_keyword: - "47 prefectures" - "Balassa-Samuelson" - "CPD method" - "Japan" - "prefectural KLEMS" - "productivity" - "R-JIP" - "regional" - "RIETI" - "service prices" ipm_research_theme: - "Measurement and methodology" ipm_country_focus: - "Japan" featured_image: "https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/IPM_50_banner.webp" status: "publish" --- # Japan’s Prefectural-level KLEMS: Productivity Comparison and Service Price Differences Canonical URL: https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-36/japans-prefectural-level-klems-productivity-comparison-and-service-price-differences/ # Japan’s Prefectural-level KLEMS: Productivity Comparison and Service Price Differences [Download full PDF article](https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IPM-Issue-36-7-Tokui-Mizuta.pdf) Cite this article × Cite this article as: Tokui, Joji, and Takeshi Mizuta. 2019. “Japan’s Prefectural-level KLEMS: Productivity Comparison and Service Price Differences.” International Productivity Monitor, No. 36 (Spring 2019): 142–160. https://www.csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-36/japans-prefectural-level-klems-productivity-comparison-and-service-price-differences/ ## Authors: - Joji Tokui Shinshu University / RIETI - Takeshi Mizuta Hitotsubashi University ## IPM Issue 36 Spring 2019 pp. 142–160 ## Related IPM articles [The Relationship between Efficiencies Defenses for Mergers and TFP Growth Robin Shaban Fall 2025 | IPM Issue 49 | pp. 82–102](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-49/the-relationship-between-efficiencies-defenses-for-mergers-and-tfp-growth/) [Adult Skills and Productivity: New Evidence from PIAAC 2023 Dan Andrews, Balázs Égert, Christine de La Maisonneuve Fall 2025 | IPM Issue 49 | pp. 41–63](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-49/adult-skills-and-productivity-new-evidence-from-piaac-2023/) [The Potential Impact of Pro-competitive Regulatory Reforms on Productivity and Growth in Canada Gilbert Cette, Jimmy Lopez, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Océane Vernerey Fall 2025 | IPM Issue 49 | pp. 3–40](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-49/the-potential-impact-of-pro-competitive-regulatory-reforms-on-productivity-and-growth-in-canada/) [Appendix: UK Productivity Growth Rates Across Data Vintages and Studies Josh Martin Spring 2025 | IPM Issue 48 | pp. 65–73](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-48/appendix-uk-productivity-growth-rates-across-data-vintages-and-studies/) [Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence for Productivity Francesco Filippucci, Peter Gal, Katharina Laengle, Matthias Schief, Filiz Unsal Spring 2025 | IPM Issue 48 | pp. 1–26](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-48/opportunities-and-risks-of-artificial-intelligence-for-productivity/) [Using Ecosystem Accounting to Integrate the Environment in Measures of Multifactor Productivity Carl Obst Fall 2024 | IPM Issue 47 | pp. 87–108](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-47/using-ecosystem-accounting-to-integrate-the-environment-in-measures-of-multifactor-productivity/) [Eroding Natural Capital: An Alternative Explanation for the Secular Decline in Productivity Growth Christina Caron Fall 2024 | IPM Issue 47 | pp. 109–147](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-47/eroding-natural-capital-an-alternative-explanation-for-the-secular-decline-in-productivity-growth/) [How Does Industrial Policy Impact Output, Hours and Productivity? The Canadian Experience Tim Sargent Fall 2024 | IPM Issue 47 | pp. 39–53](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-47/how-does-industrial-policy-impact-output-hours-and-productivity-the-canadian-experience/) [Climate Change and Productivity — An Exploration Dirk Pilat Fall 2024 | IPM Issue 47 | pp. 54–86](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-47/climate-change-and-productivity-an-exploration/) [Could Domestic Industrial Policies, Even With Global Fragmentation, Revive Productivity? Catherine Mann Fall 2024 | IPM Issue 47 | pp. 3–19](https://csls.ca/ipm-archive/ipm-issue-47/could-domestic-industrial-policies-even-with-global-fragmentation-revive-productivity/) ## Abstract ## Résumé EN FR Copy link Email LinkedIn This article compiles the Regional-level Japan Industrial Productivity (R-JIP) database for Japan’s 47 prefectures and conducts productivity comparisons. A key challenge is handling service price variation across regions. Applying the Country-Product-Dummy (CPD) method to estimate cross-regional price-level differences in five service industries, the authors find that adjusting for price variation reduces the standard deviation of cross-regional TFP difference indices by approximately 13 per cent. The Balassa-Samuelson effect — larger in economically richer regions — is confirmed at the regional level. Cet article compile la base de données de productivité industrielle régionale du Japon (R-JIP) pour les 47 préfectures du Japon et effectue des comparaisons de productivité. Un défi clé est la prise en compte de la variation des prix des services entre les régions. En appliquant la méthode Country-Product-Dummy (CPD) pour estimer les différences de niveau de prix interrégionales dans cinq industries de services, les auteurs constatent que l’ajustement pour la variation des prix réduit l’écart-type des indices de différence de PMF interrégionale d’environ 13 %. L’effet Balassa-Samuelson — plus important dans les régions économiquement plus riches — est confirmé au niveau régional. [Download full PDF](https://csls.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/IPM-Issue-36-7-Tokui-Mizuta.pdf)