The Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress
The Longest Decade: Canada in the 1990s
Volume 1, June 2001
Edited by
Keith Banting
Andrew Sharpe
France St-Hilaire
Volume was published in June 2001 jointly by the Centre for the
Study of Living Standards and the Institute for Research on Public Policy
and distributed by McGill-Queen's University Press.
Acknowledgements
Many persons have contributed to the birth of this new periodical we are calling the
Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress. First, we thank Hugh Segal for his
keen recognition of the need for research on the nexus between economic performance
and social progress in Canada and his commitment to this initiative. We also thank our
17 contributors, who met tight deadlines to get the volume out in a timely manner. Also
deserving of recognition are the discussants from the authors' workshop that took place
December 8-9, 2000 in Ottawa: Paul Bernard, Michael Hart, Richard Jenkins, Pierre Lefebvre,
Brian McLean, Michael Mendelson, Alex Michalos, Susan Phillips, Chris Ragan, Jeremy Rudin
and Robert Smith.
A large number of persons deserve recognition and credit for the very professional production
of this volume. They include Isabelle Veronneau of QU4TRE for concept and design,
Jane Broderick for copy editing, and Kelvin Hodges for desktop publishing. IRPP staff played
an invaluable role at many stages of the production process: Suzanne Ostiguy McIntyre for
production coordination, Chantal L‚tourneau for production assistance, Brian Fitzgerald for
proofreading and Suzanne Lambert and Graham Fox for the organization of the launching
events for the volume. We would like to express our sincere appreciation for their efforts and
dedication to this project.
Keith Banting
Andrew Sharpe
France St-Hilaire
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Foreword
This inaugural issue of the Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress represents
the outcome of a collaboration between our two organisations, the Institute for
Research on Public Policy (IRPP) and the Centre for the Study of Living Standards
(CSLS). This partnership has been fruitful and mutually beneficial. We have also greatly appreciated
the opportunity to collaborate with the outstanding researchers who have contributed
to the volume, a volume we believe both broadens and deepens the public policy debate on
the linkages between economic performance and social progress.
Think tanks on the right of the political spectrum tend to focus on economic growth
and efficiency issues while those on the left are oriented toward social justice and equity issues.
A constructive and successful society needs to focus on both. We believe the papers in this
volume present a balanced approach to both concerns.
How one frames a question influences the answer one obtains. The contributors to this
volume not only provide valuable insights into the Canadian economy and society, but in a
number of instances frame issues and challenges in a new and innovative manner.
It is our profound hope that the papers in the volume and the debate they engender will
assist those in the political, public service, academic and media communities in shaping, evaluating
and choosing the best possible policy mix for Canada.
Hugh Segal, President, IRPP
Andrew Sharpe, Executive Director, CSLS
May 17, 2001
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List of Contributors
- Ken Battle is President of the Caledon
Institute of Social Policy, an independent
think tank based in Ottawa. One of Canada's
leading social policy thinkers, he has played
a key role both inside and outside government
in the reform of social policy, in recognition
of which he was awarded the Order of
Canada. He has published widely on social
policy, including income security, taxation,
health care, social services, poverty and
income inequality, social spending and the
politics of social policy.
- Keith Banting is Director of the School
of Policy Studies at Queen's University and
holder of the Stauffer-Dunning Chair in
Policy Studies. He earned his B.A. (Hon)
from Queen's University and a doctorate
from Oxford University. He taught for thirteen
years in the Department of Political
Science at the University of British
Columbia, and has been associated with
Queen's since 1986. His research interests
focus on public policy in Canada and other
western nations.
- Miles Corak is the Director of Family
and Labour Studies, a research division of
Statistics Canada dealing with the wellbeing
of children and families as well as how they
interact with labour markets and social institutions,
particularly the education system.
He holds an M.A. in economics from McGill
University and a Ph.D from Queen's
University. He has published in a wide variety
of forums on issues dealing with intergenerational
mobility, the determinants of
the well-being of children, unemployment
and unemployment insurance.
- Kathleen Day is Associate Professor of
Economics at the University of Ottawa. She
received her Ph.D from the University of
British Columbia and previously worked
at the Bank of Canada and McMaster
University. An applied econometrician, she
has written or co-authored papers on interprovincial
migration, regional disparities and
economic growth, and the determinants of
volunteer work.
- Don Drummond is Chief Economist
and Senior Vice-President at the TD Bank
Financial Group. Prior to assuming his current
position in June 2000, he held a number of
posts at Finance Canada, including Associate
Deputy Minister with responsibility for budget
co-ordination, Senior Assistant Deputy
Minister of the Tax Policy Branch, and
Assistant Deputy Minister of the Fiscal Policy
and Economic Analysis Branch. Born in
Victoria, British Columbia, he is a graduate of
the University of Victoria and received an
M.A. (economics) from Queen's University.
- Pierre Fortin is Professor of Economics
at the Universite du Quebec, Montreal
(UQAM), which he joined in 1988 after
teaching at Universite Laval and the
Universite de Montreal. He is a Research
Fellow at the Canadian Institute for Advanced
Research. He holds a Ph.D in economics
from the University of California at Berkeley,
a M.Sc. in mathematics from Universite
Laval and a B.A. in classical humanities from
Jesuit College. His research interests include
wage and price dynamics, economic fluctuations
and growth, adolescent behaviour, taxation,
fiscal and monetary policies, social
policy and population economics.
- R. Quentin Grafton is Director of the
Institute of the Environment and an
Associate Professor in the Department of
Economics at the University of Ottawa. He
holds a Ph.D in economics from the
University of British Columbia and is a former
Young Researcher of the Year at the
University of Ottawa and a recipient of the
Ontario Premier's Research Excellence
Award. His main research area is in environmental
economics, and in particular, property
rights and renewable resources.
- Frank L. Graves is President of Ekos
Research Associates Inc., an applied social
and economic research firm he founded in
1980. In recent years, he has advised some of
Canada's most senior decision-makers. He
has published widely on program evaluation,
research design and related methodological
topics. More recently, he has been writing
and publishing in the area of public policy,
specifically on the impact of Canadians'
changing views toward their governments
and their country.
- Andrew Heisz is a Senior Research
Economist in the Socio-Economic and
Business Analysis Branch of Statistics Canada.
He is presently researching the economic outcomes
of university graduates, the measurement
of low income, changes in job stability
in Canada and the relationship between corporate
finances and employment stability.
- John F. Helliwell is Professor of
Economics at the University of British
Columbia. He studied at the University of
British Columbia and Oxford University.
From January to July 2001 he was
Christensen Visting Fellow at St. Catherine's
College at Oxford. His recent research interests
have emphasized macroeconomics, growth
and international linkages, including especially
the influence of borders, institutions
and social capital.
- Andrew Jackson is Director of Research
at the Canadian Council on Social
Development, a position he assumed in June
2000, after 11 years as senior economist with
the Canadian Labour Congress. He was educated
at the London School of Economics and
Political Science (B.Sc. [econ] and M.Sc.
[econ]) and at the University of British
Columbia (Doctoral studies in Canadian
political economy.)
- Paul Jenkins is Deputy Governor of
the Bank of Canada. Appointed in 1992, he
is responsible for the Bank's analysis of international
economic and financial issues and
their relationship to monetary policy. He also
has responsibilities relating to the Bank's
public communications. He graduated from
the University of Western Ontario in 1971
with a B.A. in economics. He then attended
the London School of Economics and
Political Science, where he received an M.A.
in economics in 1972.
- Brian O'Reilly is Deputy Chief of the
Research Department of the Bank of Canada.
He has worked in various positions in the
Research and International Departments
since obtaining his M.A. in economics at
Queen's University in 1972. His current
research interests include the costs and benefits
of low inflation, monetary policy under
inflation targeting and the interaction of fiscal
and monetary policy.
- Lars Osberg is McCulloch Professor of
Economics at Dalhousie University. He
received his Ph.D in economics from Yale
University in 1975. He taught at the
University of Western Ontario from 1974 to
1977 before moving to Dalhousie University.
He has published numerous articles in academic
journals and seven books, including
Unnecessary Debts, co-edited with Pierre
Fortin. In 1999-2000, he served as President
of the Canadian Economics Association.
- Garnett Picot is Director-General of
the Socio-Economic and Business Analysis
Branch of Statistics Canada. Besides managing
the branch, his research interests are in
the labour market and business areas, and
include topics such as job creation in small
and large firms, worker displacement, earnings
inequality, low-income, job stability and
firm behavior. He holds degrees in electrical
engineering and economics.
- Andrew Sharpe is Executive Director
of the Centre for the Study of Living
Standards (CSLS), a research organization he
founded in 1995. He has held a variety of earlier
positions, including Head of Research at
the Canadian Labour Market and Productivity
Centre and Chief, Business Sector Analysis at
Finance Canada. He is a founding editor of
Canadian Business Economics (1992 to 1998)
and established the International Productivity
Monitor in 2000. He has a Ph.D in economics
from McGill University.
- France St-Hilaire is Vice President,
Research at the Institute for Research on
Public Policy (IRPP). She joined IRPP as a
research director in 1992. She currently oversees
the Institute's research agenda and coordinates
ongoing projects on human capital and
labour market policy. France St-Hilaire is the
author of a number of monographs and articles
in the areas of public finance, social policy and
fiscal federalism. She holds a graduate degree
in economics from the University of Montreal.
- Daniel Schwanen is Senior Economist
with the Institute for Research on Public
Policy, specializing in trade and economic
growth issues. Prior to joining IRPP in
2000, he was Senior Economist with the
C.D. Howe Institute. He holds degrees in
economics from the Universit‚ de Montr‚al
and Queen's University in Kingston. He has
written widely on the impact of Canada's
policies concerning international trade, culture,
the Canadian social and economic union
and greenhouse gas emission reduction.
- Jim Stanford is an Economist in the
Research Department of the Canadian Auto
Workers, Canada's largest private-sector
union. He received his Ph.D in economics in
1995 from the New School of Social
Research. He also received a M. Phil. in economics
from Cambridge University and a
B.A. in economics from the University of
Calgary. He is the founding chairperson of
the Progressive Economics Forum. In 1999,
he published Paper Boom, an analysis of the
Canadian economy in the 1990s.
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Currently this Volume may be ordered through the
Institute for Research on Public Policy
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